Overview: Dengue virus antibodies, IgG and IgM, serum (2023)

FAQs

How do you read dengue test results? ›

Interpretation of results

A positive NS1 test result confirms dengue virus infection without providing serotype information. A negative NS1 test result does not rule out infection. People with negative NS1 results should be tested for the presence of dengue IgM antibodies to determine possible recent dengue exposure.

Positive IgM and IgG tests for dengue antibodies detected in an initial blood sample mean that it is likely that the person became infected with dengue virus within recent weeks. IgM antibody tests can be positive if a person has been infected with a similar virus, such as chikungunya (called cross-reaction).

2.85 IV or greater: Positive - IgG antibody to dengue fever virus detected, which may indicate a current or past infection. 1.64 IV or less: Negative - No significant level of detectable dengue fever virus IgM antibody. 1.65-2.84 IV: Equivocal - Questionable presence of antibodies.

What does dengue IgG positive mean? Dengue IgG positive means IgG antibodies to Dengue fever virus are detected in your blood sample. This may indicate a past infection or a current one. You will need to take another test to confirm.

The positive IgM plus negative IgG (IgM+ plus IgG-) results showed that 38% of those patients had a recent primary dengue infection, while the positive IgG plus either positive or negative IgM (IgG+ plus IgM+/-) results indicated that 62% had dengue for at least a second time (recent secondary infections).

Interpretation of results

Positive IgM: Patients with a positive IgM test result are classified as presumptive, recent dengue virus infections. Negative IgM: Patients with negative IgM results before day 8 of illness and absent or negative NAAT or NS1 results are considered unconfirmed cases.

The critical phase of dengue begins at defervescence and typically lasts 24–48 hours. Most patients clinically improve during this phase, but those with substantial plasma leakage can, within a few hours, develop severe dengue as a result of a marked increase in vascular permeability.

The critical phase (also called the hemorrhagic phase): Usually on the 3rd-7th day of the disease. Manifestations of fever may decrease or remain feverish, signs of bleeding from mild to severe, there are various bleeding manifestations (due to thrombocytopenia in the blood), a stage where many complications occur.

A positive result means you probably have been infected with the dengue virus. A negative result can mean you aren't infected or you were tested too soon for the virus to show up in testing.

It can be detected 3–5 days after the onset of the disease, persisting for 2–3 months [1]. It is believed that DENV IgG antibody usually appears 8–10 days after primary infection [1] and therefore can be used as long-term detection marker [12].

What is the difference between dengue IgG and IgM? ›

The IgM become detectable on Day 3 to 5 of illness in case of primary dengue infection and persist for 2 to 3 months, whereas IgG appear by the fourteenth day and persist for life. Secondary infection shows that IgG rises within 1 to 2 days after onset of symptoms, simultaneously with IgM antibodies.

Both SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies may be detected around the same time after infection. However, while IgM is most useful for determining recent infection, it usually becomes undetectable weeks to months following infection; in contrast, IgG is usually detectable for longer periods.

Negative tests for IgM and/or IgG antibodies may mean that the individual tested does not have a dengue infection and symptoms are due to another cause, or that the level of antibody may be too low to measure.

Patients with Hyper-IgM (HIGM) syndrome are susceptible to recurrent and severe infections and in some types of HIGM syndrome opportunistic infections and an increased risk of cancer as well.

-If the tests show you have both IgM and IgG, it suggests you are in the early recovery phase. -If the test shows IgG alone, it suggests you have had the infection and are at least 14 days from the beginning of the infection and are unlikely to be infectious.

If detected, this likely indicates that a person was previously infected with the virus that causes COVID-19. An IgG antibody is a protein that the body produces in the latter stages of infection and may remain for some time after a person has recovered.

Strong positive (≥200 IU/mL): IgG antibody values at and greater than 200 IU/mL confirm the presence of high levels of circulating IgG antibodies binding to the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Corresponding serum AU/mL values are ≥40 and serum measured titers range from 960 to above 2880.

Recovery depends on the severity of the illness and any treatments prescribed in the febrile and critical phases. Onset of the recovery phase can be identified by the following: Patient improvement. Gradual reabsorption of extravasated fluid (such as from plasma leakage) over 48–72 hours.

Can dengue be cured in 3 days? ›

Most cases of dengue fever go away within a week or two and won't cause any lasting problems. If someone has severe symptoms of the disease, or if symptoms get worse in the first day or two after the fever goes away, get medical care right away. This could be an indication of DHF, which is a medical emergency.

Dengue fever on the 7th day still needs vigilance

Specifically: Fever phase: This is the incubation period, the patient may have a high fever of 39-40 degrees Celsius, continuous fever, difficult to lower. Besides, the patient may have headache, eye socket pain, rash, vomiting, joint pain.

Severe dengue fever can cause internal bleeding and organ damage. Blood pressure can drop to dangerous levels, causing shock. In some cases, severe dengue fever can lead to death.

When do platelets decrease in dengue fever? Platelet counts usually drop significantly by day 4 of illness. In adults without dengue shock, platelet counts drop slightly to moderate from day 3 to day 7 of illness and return to normal by day 8 or 9.

Dengue Fever

The dengue virus complex consists of four antigenically related but distinct flaviviruses termed dengue virus serotypes 1 through 4 (DEN1 to DEN4). ⁴. Dengue viruses are transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitos in epidemic and endemic outbreaks and cause acute infections.

Basically the virus causing dengue fever comes in four strains, and immunity to one seems to make infection by a second strain more dangerous. Death happens if this second time dengue two virus has infected the patient.

Before day 5 of illness, during the febrile period, dengue infections may be diagnosed by virus isolation in cell culture, by detection of viral RNA by nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT), or by detection of viral antigens by ELISA or rapid tests.

Seroconversion for IgG (mean 10 days) occurred simultaneously, or 1 day earlier, than that for IgM and IgA (mean 11 days for both). IgG could be detected as early as 4 days after the onset of illness. The earliest time at which these three antibodies reached peak levels was similar (mean 15 days).

High IgG (>16g/L)

Elevated IgG levels can be seen in chronic active infection or inflammation, or in association with plasma cell disorders.

An IgG deficiency is a health problem in which your body doesn't make enough Immunoglobulin G (IgG). People with IgG deficiency are more likely to get infections. When your body feels it is under attack, it makes special proteins called immunoglobulins or antibodies. These antibodies are made by the plasma cells.

What is good platelet count in dengue? ›

High-risk patients having platelet count < 20,000/cumm and risk of bleeding require urgent platelet transfusion. Patients with platelet count 21-40,000/cumm are in moderate risk and require platelet transfusion only if they have any haemorrhagic manifestations and other superadded conditions.

An NS1 Ag level varies from 0.5-2 μg/ml in acute-phase serum samples, to less than 0.04 μg/ml in convalescent phase serum [11].

The Dengue Score is a model for predicting pleural effusion and/or ascites and uses the hematocrit (Hct), albumin concentration, platelet count and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ratio as independent variables.

The T1 band is pre-coated with the antibody for the detection of IgG anti-dengue virus, T2 band is coated with antibody for the detection of IgM anti-dengue virus, and the C band is pre-coated with goat anti rabbit IgG.

Coagulation profile revealed significant increase in platelets and fibrinogen level with decrease in bleeding time and increase in clotting time by coconut water.

Dengue begins abruptly after a typical incubation period of 5–7 days, and the course follows 3 phases: febrile, critical, and convalescent.

NPLATE^® (romiplostim) 101

Once-weekly Nplate ^® is a platelet booster that works with your body to create more platelets. Nplate ^® is used after steroids and does not work by suppressing the immune system. Instead, it increases the activity of the cells that naturally produce platelets.

Peripheral blood parameters change during the course of the illness. Dengue fever is characterized by leucopenia (White Blood Cells (WBC) < 5000 cells/mm³), thrombocytopenia (< 150,000 cells/mm³), rising haematocrit (5–10%) and there should be no evidence of plasma leakage [10].

Dengue is caused by a virus of the Flaviviridae family and there are four distinct, but closely related, serotypes of the virus that cause dengue (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4). Recovery from infection is believed to provide lifelong immunity against that serotype.

Risk factors for severe disease include being a neonate or young child, female sex, high body mass index, viral load, genetic polymorphisms and previous infection with DENV-1 if the patient contracts DENV-2 or DENV-3. Diabetes and asthma are risk factors for fatal disease.

What is Type 2 dengue? ›

Native Dengue Virus Type 2 is a preparation of viral particles concentrated from tissue culture supernatant. Dengue Virus Type 2 is one of four antigenically distinct yet closely related viral serotypes belonging to the family Flaviviridae known to cause Dengue fever in humans.